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{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The Missing 13th Amendment
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3362652 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 "TITLES OF NOBILITY" AND "HONOR"
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1052883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 In the winter of 1983, archival research expert David Dodge, and former 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Baltimore{\*\xmlclose} police investigator Tom Dunn, were searching for evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450 government corruption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  in public records stored in the Belfast Library on the coast of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1052883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
By chance, they discovered the library's oldest authentic copy of the Constitution of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} (printed in 1825). }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492 Both men were stunned to see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid16648492 this document}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  included a 13th Amendment that no longer appears on current copies of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 Moreover, after studying the Amendment's language and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid16648492 Historical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  context, they realized the principle intent of this "missing" 13th Amendment was to prohibit lawyers from serving in government.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 

\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1052883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
So began a seven year, nationwide search for the truth surrounding the most bizarre Constitutional puzzle in American history -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492 the unlawful removal of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid16648492 ratified Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  from the Constitution of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Since 1983, Dodge and Dunn have uncovered additional copies of the Constitution with the "missing" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid16648492 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\super\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid16648492 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid16648492  Amendment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  printed in at least eighteen separate publications by ten different states and territories over four decades from 1822 to 1860.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1052883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
In June of this year (1991), Dodge uncovered the evidence that this missing 13th Amendment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492 had indeed been lawfully ratified by the state of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid16648492 was therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  an authentic Amendment to the American Constitution. If the evidence is correct and no logical errors have been made, a 13th Amendment restricting
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid16648492 Lawyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492  from serving in government was ratified in 1819 and removed from our Constitution during the tumult of the Civil War}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
. Since the Amendment was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 never lawfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  repealed, it is still the Law today. The implications are enormous.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
The story of this "missing" Amendment is complex and at times confusing because the political issues and vocabulary of the American Revolution were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 different from}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  our own. However, there are essentially two issues: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid16648492 What does the Amendment mean? 
\par      Was the Amendment ratified?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Before we consider the issue of ratification, we should first understand the Amendment's meaning and consequent current relevance.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 MEANING of the 13th Amendment
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The "missing" 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} reads as follows: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 "If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive, or retain any title of nobility or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid15473681 honor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 , or shall without the consent of Congress, accept and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid15473681 retain any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 
 present, pension, office, or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince, or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid15473681 the United}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681  States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid16648492 ______________________________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
At the first reading, the meaning of this 13th Amendment (also called the "title of nobility" Amendment) seems obscure, unimportant. The references to "nobility"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 , \'93honor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 ", "emperor", "king", and "prince" lead us to dismiss this amendment as a petty post-revolution act of spite directed against the British monarchy. But in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 our modern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  world of Lady Di and Prince Charles, anti-royalist sentiments seem so
 archaic and quaint, that the Amendment can be ignored. Not so. Consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 some evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 of its historical significance: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 First, "titles of nobility" were prohibited in both Article VI of the Articles of Confederation (1777) and in Article I, Sections 9 and 10 of the Constitution }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid15473681 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} (1787);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  
\par      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 Second, although already prohibited by the Constitution, an additional "title of nobility" amendment was proposed in 1789, again in 1810, and according to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid15473681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid15473681 Dodge, finally ratified in 1819}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 . 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Clearly, the founding fathers saw such a serious threat in "titles of nobility" and "honors" that anyone receiving them would forfeit their citizenship. Since the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 government prohibited "titles of nobility" several times over four decades, and went through the amending process (even though "titles of nobility" were already}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
prohibited by the Constitution), it's obvious that the Amendment carried much more significance for our founding fathers than is readily apparent today.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
To understand the meaning of this "missing" 13th Amendment, we must understand its historical context -- the era surrounding the American Revolution. We tend to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 regard the notion of "Democracy" as benign, harmless, and politically unremarkable. But at the time of the American Revolution, King George III and the other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 monarchies of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose} saw Democracy as an unnatural, ungodly ideological threat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 , 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  every bit as dangerously radical as Communism was once regarded by modern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Western nations. Just as the 1917 Communist Revolution in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Russia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} spawned other revolutions around the world, the American Revolution provided an example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 and incentive for people all over the world to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 overthrow their European monarchies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Even though the Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary War in 1783, the simple fact of our existence threatened the monarchies. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} stood as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 heroic role model for other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 nations that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  inspired them to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
also struggle against oppressive monarchies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
The French Revolution (1789-1799) and the Polish national}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid3362652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
uprising (1794) were in part encouraged by the American Revolution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 . Though we stood like a beacon of hope for most of the world, the monarchies regarded the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 as a political }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 Typhoid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 Mary, the principle source of radical democracy that was destroying monarchies around the world. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 The monarchies must have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid10297364\charrsid3362652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
realized that if the principle source of that infection could be destroyed, the rest of the world might avoid the contagion and the monarchies would be saved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Their survival at stake, the monarchies sought to destroy or subvert the American system of government. Knowing they couldn't destroy us militarily, they resorted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 to more covert methods of political subversion, employing spies and secret agents skilled in bribery and legal deception -- it was, perhaps, the first "cold war".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid10297364\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Since governments run on money, politicians run for money, and money is the usual enticement to commit treason, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 much of the monarchy's counter- revolutionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid3362652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 efforts emanated from English banks.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 DON'T BANK ON IT (Modern Banking System)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The essence of banking was onc
e explained by Sir Josiah Stamp, a former president of the Bank of England: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      "The modern banking system manufactures money out of nothing. The process is perhaps the most astounding piece of sleight of hand that was ever invented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Banking was conceived in inequity and born in sin... Bankers own the earth. Take it away from them but leave them the power to create money, and, with a flick of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 pen, they will create enough money to buy it back again... Take this great power away from them, or if you want
 to continue to be the slaves of bankers and pay the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
cost of your own slavery, then let bankers continue to create money and control credit."
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
The last great abuse of our banking system caused the depression of the 1930's. Today's abuses may cause another. Current S&L and bank scandals illustrate the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 on-going relationships between banks, lawyers, politicians, and government agencies (look at the current BCCI bank scandal, involving lawyer Clark Clifford,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 politician Jimmy Carter, the Federal Reserve, the FDI
C, and even the CIA). These scandals are the direct result of years of law-breaking by an alliance of bankers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 and lawyers using their influence and money to corrupt the political process and rob the public. (Think you're not being robbed? Guess who's going to pay the bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 for the excesses of the S&L's, taxpayer? You are.)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
The systematic robbery of productive individuals by parasitic bankers and lawyers is not a recent phenomenon. This abuse is a human tradition that predates the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Bible and spread from Europe to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} despite early colonial prohibitions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
When the first United States Bank was chartered by Congress in 1790, there were only three state banks in existence. At one time, banks were prohibited by law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 in most states because many of the early settlers were all too familiar with the practices of the European goldsmith banks.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Goldsmith banks were safe-houses used to store client's gold. In exchange for the deposited gold, customers were issued notes (paper money) which were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 redeemable in gold. The goldsmith bankers quickly succumbed to the temptation to issue "extra" notes, (unbacked by gold). Why? Because the "extra" notes
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
enriched the bankers by allowing them to buy property with notes for gold that they did not own, gold that did not even exist.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Colonists knew that bankers occasionally printed too much paper money, found themselves over-leveraged, and caused a "run on the bank". If the bankers lacked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 sufficient gold to meet the demand, the paper money became worthless and common citizens left holding the paper were ruined. Although over-leveraged bankers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
were sometimes hung, the bankers continued printing extra money to increase their fortunes at the expense of the productive members of society. (The practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 continues to this day, and offers "sweetheart" loans to bank insiders, and even provides the foundation for deficit spending and our federal government's unbridled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 growth.)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 PAPER MONEY
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
If the colonists forgot the lessons of goldsmith bankers, the American Revolution refreshed their memories. To finance the war, Congress authorized the printing of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 continental bills of credit in an amount not to exceed $200,000,000. The States issued another $200,000,000 in paper notes. Ultimately, the value of the paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 money fell so low that they were soon traded on speculation from 5000 to 1000 paper bills for one coin.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
It's often suggested that our Constitution's prohibition against a paper economy -- "No State shall... make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a tender in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Payment of Debts" -- was a tool of the wealthy to be worked to the disadvantage of all others. But only in a "paper" economy can money reproduce itself and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 increase the claims of the wealthy at the expense of the productive.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6892003 "Paper money," said Pelatiah W
ebster, "polluted the equity of our laws, turned them into engines of oppression, corrupted the justice of our public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6892003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6892003 administration, destroyed the fortunes of thousands who had confidence in it, enervated the trade, husbandry, and manufactures of our country, and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6892003 went far to destroy the morality of our people."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 CONSPIRACIES
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 A few examples of the attempts by the monarch
ies and banks that almost succeeded in destroying the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
According to the Tennessee Laws (1715-1820, vol. II, p. 774), in the 1794 Jay Treaty, the United States agreed to pay 600,000 pounds sterling to King George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 III, as reparations for the American revolution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs32\ul\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
The Senate ratified the treaty in secret session}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs32\ul\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid3362652 
ordered that it not be published}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 . When Benjamin Franklin's
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
grandson published it anyway, the exposure and resulting public uproar so angered the Congress that it passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) so federal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 judges could prosecute editors and publishers for reporting the truth about the government.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
Since we had won the Revolutionary War, why would our Senators agree to pay reparations to the loser? And why would they agree to pay 600,000 pounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 sterling, eleven years after the war ended? It doesn't make sense, especially in light of Senate's secrecy and later fury over being exposed, unless we assume our}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid3362652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 Senators had been bribed to serve the British monarchy and betray the American people. That's subversion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The United States Bank had been opposed by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450 Jeffersonian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  from the beginning, but the Federalists (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11672805 the pro-monarchy party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 ) won out in its establishment. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 initial capitalization was $10,000,000 - -- 80% of which would be owned by foreign bankers. Since the bank was authorized to lend up to $20,000,000 (double }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 it\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
paid in capital), it was a profitable deal for both the government and the bankers since they could lend, and collect interest on, $10,000,000 that didn't exist.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
However, the European bankers outfoxed the government and by 1796, the government owed the bank $6,200,000 and was forced to sell its shares. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805\charrsid9061450 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid11672805  By }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 1802}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805\charrsid9061450 our}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  government owned no stock}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 in the United States Bank.)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The sheer power of th
e banks and their ability to influence representative government by economic manipulation and outright bribery was exposed in 1811, when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 the people discovered that European banking interests owned 80% of the bank. Congress therefore refused to renew the bank's charter. This led to the withdrawal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 of $7,000,000 in specie by European investors, which in turn, precipitated an economic recession, and the War of 1812. That's destruction.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
There are undoubtedly other examples of the monarchy's efforts to subvert or destroy the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
; some are common knowledge, others remain to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
disclosed to the public. For example, David Dodge discovered a book called "2 VA LAW" in the Library of Congress Law Library. According to Dodge, "This is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 an un-catalogued book in the rare book section that reveals a plan to overthrow the constitutional government by secret agreements engineered by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 lawyers. That is one of the reasons why this amendment was ratified by {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and the notification was lost in the mail. There is no public record that
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 this book exists."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid934649\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 That may sound surprising, but according to The Gazette (5/10/91)
, "the Library of Congress has 349,402 un-catalogued rare books and 13.9 million un-catalogued rare manuscripts." There may be secrets buried in that mass of documents even more astonishing than a missing Constitutional Amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par                                              }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11498821 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 TITLES OF NOBILITY
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 In seeking to rule the world and destroy the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, bankers committed many crimes. Foremost among these crimes were fraud, conversion, and plain old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 the
ft. To escape prosecution for their crimes, the bankers did the same thing any career criminal does. They hired and formed alliances with the best lawyers and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid8025192\charrsid6827687 judge\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
 money could buy. These alliances, originally forged in Europe (particularly in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Great Britain{\*\xmlclose}), spread to the colonies, and later into the newly formed {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 States of America
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
Despite their criminal foundation, these alliances generated wealth, and ultimately, respectability. Like any modern member of organized crime, English bankers and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 lawyers wanted to be admired as "legitimate businessmen". As their criminal fortunes grew so did their usefulness, so the British monarchy legitimized these thieves}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 by granting them "titles of nobility".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 Historically, the Bri
tish peerage system referred to knights as "Squires" and to those who bore the knight's shields as "Esquires". As lances, shields, and physical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 violence gave way to the more civilized means of theft, the pen grew mightier (and more profitable) than the sword, and the clever wielders of those pens (bankers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid934649\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 
and lawyers) came to hold titles of nobility. The most common title was "Esquire" (used, even today, by some lawyers).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid14499293 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 INTERNATIONAL BAR ASSOCIATION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 In Colonial America, attorneys trained attorneys bu
t most held no "title of nobility" or "honor". There was no requirement that one be a lawyer to hold the position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 of district attorney, attorney general, or judge; a citizen's "counsel of choice" was not restricted to a lawyer; there were no state or national bar associations. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid6827687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 only organization that certified lawyers was the International Bar Association (IBA), chartered by the King of England,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  headquartered in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}London{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and closely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 associated with the international banking system. Lawyers admitted to the IBA received the rank "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid6827687 Esquire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 " -- a "title of nobility". "Esquire" was the principle title of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 nobility which the 13th Amendment sought to prohibit from the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Why? Because the loyalty of "Esquire" lawyers was suspect. Bankers and lawyers
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 with an "Esquire" behind their names were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 agents of the monarchy, members of an organization whose principle purposes were political, not economic, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid11938663  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 regarded with the same wariness that some people today reserve for members of the KGB or the CIA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 

\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 
Article 1, Sect. 9 of the Constitution sought to prohibit the International Bar Association (or any other agency that granted titles of nobility) from operating in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid11938663  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
.. But the Constitution neglected to specify a penalty, so the prohibition was ignored, and agents of the monarchy continued to infiltrate and influence the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid11938663  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 government (as in the Jay Treaty and the US Bank charter incidents). Therefore, a "title of nobility" amendment that specified a penalty (loss of citizenship) was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid11938663  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 
proposed in 1789, and again in 1810. The meaning of the amendment is seen in its intent to prohibit persons having titles of nobility and loyalties to foreign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid479126\charrsid11938663  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid11938663 governments and bankers from voting, holding public office, or using their skills to subvert the government.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid14499293 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 HONOR
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
The missing Amendment is referred to as the "title of nobility" Amendment, but the second prohibition against "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 honor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 " (honor), may be more significant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Accordin
g to David Dodge, Tom Dunn, and Webster's Dictionary, the archaic definition of "honor" (as used when the 13th Amendment was ratified) meant anyone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 "obtaining or having an advantage or privilege over another". A contemporary example of an "honor" granted to only a few Americans is the privilege of being a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 judge: Lawyers can be judges and exercise the attendant privileges and powers; non-lawyers cannot.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
By prohibiting "honors", the missing Amendment prohibits any advantage or privilege that would grant some citizens an unequal opportunity to achieve or exercise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 political power. Therefore, the second meaning (intent) of the 13th Amendment was to ensure political equality among all American citizens, by prohibiting anyone,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 even government officials, from claiming or exercising a special privilege or power (an "honor") over other citizens.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
If this interpretation is correct, "honor" would be the key concept in the 13th Amendment. Why? Because, while "titles of nobility" may no longer apply in today's}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 political system, the concept of "honor" remains relevant. For example, anyone who had a specific "immunity" from lawsuits which were not afforded to all citizens,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 would be enjoying a separate privilege, an "honor", and would therefore forfeit his right to
 vote or hold public office. Think of the "immunities" from lawsuits that our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
judges, lawyers, politicians, and bureaucrats currently enjoy. As another example, think of all the "special interest" legislation our government passes: "special}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 interests" are simply euphemisms for "special privileges" (honors)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid11672805 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 WHAT IF? (Implications if Restored)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
If the missing 13th Amendment were restored, "special interests" and "immunities" might be rendered unconstitutional. The prohibition against "honors" (privileges)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 would compel the entire government to operate under the same laws as the citizens of this nation. Without their current personal immunities (honors), our judges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 and I.R.S. agents would be unable to abuse common citizens without fear of legal liability. If th
is 13th Amendment were restored, our entire government would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
have to conduct itself according to the same standards of decency, respect, law, and liability as the rest of the nation. If this Amendment and the term "honor" were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 applied today, our government's ability to systematically coerce and abuse the public would be all but eliminated.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Imagine! A government without special privileges or immunities. How could we describe it? It would be ... almost like ... a government ... of the people ... by the
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 people ... for the people!
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Imagine: a government ... whose members were truly accountable to the public; a government that could not systematically exploit its own people! It's unheard of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 it's never been done before. Not ever in the entire history of the world.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Bear in mind that Senator George Mitchell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and the National Archives concede this 13th Amendment was proposed by Congress in 1810. However, they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 explain that there were seventeen states when Congress proposed the "title of nobility" Amendment; that ratification required the support of thirteen states, but since}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
only twelve states supported the Amendment, it was not ratified. The Government Printing Office agrees; it currently prints copies of the Constitution of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} which include the "title of nobility" Amendment as proposed, but un-ratified.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Even if this 13th Amendment were never ratified, even if Dodge and Dunn's research or reasoning is flawed or incomplete, it would still be an extraordinary story.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Can you imagine, can you understand how close we came to having a political paradise, right here on Earth? Do you realize what an extraordinary gift our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 forebears tried to bequeath us? And how close we came? One vote. One state's vote.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The federal governme
nt concedes that twelve states voted to ratify this Amendment between 1810 and 1812. But they argue that ratification require thirteen states,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid479126\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 so the Amendment lays stillborn in history, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450 ungratified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 for lack of a just one more state's support. One vote.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
David Dodge, however, says one more state did ratify, and he claims he has the evidence to prove it.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}PARADISE{\*\xmlclose} LOST, RATIFICATION FOUND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
In 1789, the House of Representatives compiled a list of possible Constitutional Amendments, some of which would ultimately become our Bill of Rights. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 House proposed seventeen; the Senate reduced the list to twelve. During this process that Senator Tristrain Dalton ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Mass.{\*\xmlclose}) proposed an Amendment seeking to

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 prohibit and provide a penalty for any American acc
epting a "title of Nobility" (RG 46 Records of the U.S. Senate). Although it wasn't passed, this was the first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 time a "title of nobility" amendment was proposed.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Twenty years later, in January, 1810, Senator Reed proposed another "Title of Nobility" Amendment (History of Congress, Proceedings of the Senate, p. 529-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 530). On April 27, 1810, the Senate voted to pass this 13th Amendment by a vote of 26 to 1; the House resolved in the affirmative 87 to 3; and the following
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 resolve was sent to the States for ratification: 
\par 
\par      "If any citizen of the United States shall Accept, claim, receive or retain any title of nobility or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746\charrsid9061450 honor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 , or shall, without the consent of Congress, accept and retain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
any present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them."
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
The Constitution requires three-quarters of the states to ratify a proposed amendment before it may be added to the Constitution. When Congress proposed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 "Title of Nobility" Amendment in 1810, there were seventeen states, thirteen of which would have to ratify for the Amendment to be adopted. According to the
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
National Archives, the following is a list of the twelve states that ratified, and their dates of ratification:
\par 
\par                                              Ratification of Original 13th Amendment
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}, Dec. 25, 1810
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}, Jan. 31, 1811
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}, Jan. 31, 1811
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Delaware{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 2, 1811
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Pennsylvania{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 6, 1811
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 13, 1811
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Vermont{\*\xmlclose}, Oct. 24, 1811
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tennessee{\*\xmlclose}, Nov. 21, 1811
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}, Dec. 13, 1811
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}North Carolina{\*\xmlclose}, Dec. 23, 1811
\par                                      {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Massachusetts{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 27, 1812
\par                                                               {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New Hampshire{\*\xmlclose}, Dec. 10, 1812
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Before a thirteenth state could ratify, the War of 1812 broke out with 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}England{\*\xmlclose}. By the time the war ended in 1814, the British had burned the Capitol, the Library}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 of Congress, and most of the records of the first 38 years of government. Whether there was a connection between the proposed "title of nobility" amendment and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 the War of 1812 is not known. However, the momentum to ratify the proposed Amendment was lost in the tumult of war.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Then, four years later, on December 31, 1817, the House of Representatives resolved that President Monroe inquire into the status of this Amendment. In a letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 dated February 6, 1818, President Monroe reported to the House that the Secretary of State Adams had written to the governors of Virginia, South Carolina and
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose} to tell them that the proposed Amendment had been ratified by twelve States and rejected by two ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rhode Island{\*\xmlclose}), and asked the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
governors to notify him of their legislature's position. (House Document No. 76) (This, and other letters written by the President and the Secretary of State during
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
the month of February, 1818, note only that the proposed Amendment had not yet been ratified. However, these letters would later become crucial because, in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 absence of additional information they would be interpreted to mean the amendment was never ratified).
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
On February 28, 1818, Secretary of State Adams reported the rejection of the Amendment by {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}South Carolina{\*\xmlclose}. [House Doc. No. 129]. There are no further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 entries regarding the ratification of the 13th Amendment in the Journals of Congress; whether {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia
{\*\xmlclose} ratified is neither confirmed nor denied. Likewise, a search}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
through the executive papers of Governor Preston of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose} does not reveal any correspondence from Secretary of State Adams. (However, there is a journal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 entry in the Virginia House that the Governor presented the House with an official letter and documents from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
City}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} within a time frame that conceivably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 includes receipt of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Adams{\*\xmlclose}' letter.)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par Again, no evidence of ratification; none of denial.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 However, on March 10, 1819, the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Virginia{\*\xmlclose} legislature passed Act No. 280 (Virginia Archives of Richmond, "misc." file, p. 299 for micro-film): 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      "Be it enacted by the General Assembly, that there shall be published an edition of the Laws of this Commonwealth in which shall be contained the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 matters, that is to say: the Constitution of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}united States{\*\xmlclose} and the amendments thereto..."
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 This act 
was the specific legislated instructions on what was, by law, to be included in the re-publication (a special edition) of the Virginia Civil Code. The Virginia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Legislature had already agreed that all Acts were to go into effect on the same day -- the day that the Act to re-publish the Civil Code was enacted. Therefore, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 13th Amendment's official date of ratification would be the date of re- publication of the Virginia Civil Code: March 12, 1819.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 The Delegates knew {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia
{\*\xmlclose} was the last of the 13 States that were necessary for the ratification of the 13th Amendment. They also knew there were powerful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 forces allied against this ratification so they took extraordinary measures to make sure that it was published in sufficient quantity (4,000 copies were ordered, almost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
triple their usual order), and instructed the printer to send a copy to President James Monroe as well as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. (The printer,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Thomas Ritchie, was bonded. He was required to be extremely accurate in his research and his printing, or he would forfeit his bond.)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 In this fashion, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
 announced the ratification: by publication and dissemination of the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 There is question as to whether {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Virginia{\*\xmlclose} ever formally notified the Secretary of State that they had ratified this 13th Amendment. Some have argued that because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid422742   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 such notification was not received (or at least, not recorded), the Amendment was therefore not legally ratified. However, printing by a legislature is prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
evidence of ratification. Further, there is no Constitutional requirement that the Secretary of State, or anyone else, be officially notified to complete the ratification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 process. The Constitution only requires that three- fourths of the states ratify for an Amendment to be added to the Constitution. If three-quarters of the states}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
ratify, the Amendment is passed. The Constitution is otherwise silent on what procedure should be used to announce, confirm, or communicate the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 ratification of amendments.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
Knowing they were the last state necessary to ratify the Amendment, the Virginians had every right announce their own and the nation's ratification of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Amendment by publishing it on a special edition of the Constitution, and so they did.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 Word of Virginia's 1819 ratification spread throughout the States and both 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rhode Island{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose} published the new Amendment in 1822. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose} first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 published in 1824. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Maine{\*\xmlclose} ordered 10,000 copies of the Constitution with the 
13th Amendment to be printed for use in the schools in 1825, and again in 1831 for
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 their Census Edition. Indiana Revised Laws of 1831 published the 13th Article on p. 20. 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Northwestern{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Territories{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} published in 1833. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}
 published in 1831 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 1833. Then came the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Territory{\*\xmlclose} in 1839; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Iowa{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Territory{\*\xmlclose} in 1843; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}
 again, in 1848; Kansas Statutes in 1855; and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nebraska{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Territory{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} six times in a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid2455098\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 row from 1855 to 1860.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 So far, David Dodge has identified el
even different states or territories that printed the Amendment in twenty separate publications over forty-one years. And more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 editions including this 13th Amendment are sure to be discovered. Clearly, Dodge is onto something.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 You might be able to convinc
e some of the people, or maybe even all of them, for a little while, that this 13th Amendment was never ratified. Maybe you can show}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 them that the ten legislatures which ordered it published eighteen times we've discovered (so far) consisted of ignorant politicians who don't know their amendments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
from their... ahh, articles. You might even be able to convince the public that our forefathers never meant to "outlaw" public servants who pushed people around,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 accepted bribes or special favors to "look the other way." Maybe. But before you do, there's an awful lot of evidence to be explained.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\ul\insrsid463795\charrsid14499293 THE AMENDMENT DISAPPEARS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
In 1829, the following note appears on p. 23, Vol. 1 of the New York Revised Statutes: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par      "In the edition of the Laws of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose} before referred to, there is an amendment printed as article 13, prohibiting citizens from accepting titles of nobility or honor,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 or presents, offices, &c. from foreign nations. But, by a message of the president of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
United States{\*\xmlclose} of the 4th of February, 1818, in answer to a resolution of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid422742\charrsid9061450 
House of Representatives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 , it appears that this amendment had been ratified only by 12 states, and therefore had not been adopted. See Vol. IV of the printed papers }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid422742\charrsid9061450 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450  1st session of the 15th congress, No. 76."
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
In 1854, a similar note appeared in the Oregon Statutes. Both notes refer to the Laws of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}United States{\*\xmlclose}, 1st vol. p. 73(or 74).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 It's not yet clear whether the 13th Amendment was published in Laws of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}United States{\*\xmlclose}, 1st Vol., prematurely, by accident, in anticipation of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}'s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
ratification, or as part of a plot to discredit the Amendment by making is appear that only twelve States had ratified. Whether the Laws of the United States Vol. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 (carrying the 13th Amendment) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
 re-called or made-up is unknown. In fact, it's not even clear that the specified volume was actually printed -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid422742 the Law Library}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid8025192\charrsid422742  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid422742 of the Library of Congress has no record of its existence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 However, because the notes' authors reported no 
further references to the 13th Amendment after the Presidential letter of February, 1818, they apparently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
assumed the ratification process had ended in failure at that time. If so, they neglected to seek information on the Amendment after 1818, or at the state level, and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 therefore missed the evidence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
's ratification. This opinion -- assuming that the Presidential letter of February, 1818, was the last word on the Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid8025192\charrsid9061450  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 -- has persisted.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid422742 However, despite Clayton's opinion, the Amendme
nt continued to be published in various states and territories for at least another eleven years (the last known}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid8025192\charrsid422742  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid463795\charrsid422742 publication was in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nebraska{\*\xmlclose} territory in 1860)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6892003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid16468957 So all of this ratification of the original 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\super\insrsid16468957\charrsid16468957 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid16468957  amendment took place before the Civil War. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340 
Thus who ever won the Civil War would change history and substitute another 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\super\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340  amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid5840340 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340 
  Look to your constitutions and see for yourself that its 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\super\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid16468957\charrsid5840340 
 amendment is not the same as the original}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid16468957 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid9707746   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid5840340 
Here is a piece of evidence that clearly shows the powers to be the winner of the Civil War were putting into place full martial law rule and rule of necessity with codes and statutes of the winner of the Civil War.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\insrsid9707746   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid5840340 Our {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}American}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid5840340\charrsid5840340 
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Republic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid5840340 {\*\xmlclose} common law origin was to be replaced with a defacto colorable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid5840340\charrsid5840340  European}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\highlight7\insrsid9707746\charrsid5840340  Roman Civil Law form of Roman origin where the senate of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rome
{\*\xmlclose} had complete military rule over the citizens of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid463795\charrsid9061450 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid5840340 This evidence should once and for all prove to you that we live in the Democracy elite matrix and being lied to fr
om every source that calls itself official from local to national. You can choose to live with it or do something about it. What can you do, pass this report out and let the people decide!  You should know now why their was a Civil War, it was not over sl
aves it was over the continued existence of the People Republic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid6892003  and freedom which was ended in 1861 and a defacto colorable democracy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid5840340  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid6892003 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid5840340  elite control }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid6892003 was accepted then and continues today}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid5840340 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid14499293    
\par 
\par SO WHAT DO YOU THINK? LET ME KNOW!}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid6892003  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\insrsid5840340\charrsid9061450 
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